General Trading Companies

List of Articles
General Trading Companies

General Trading Companies: A Comparative and Historical Study

Title: Index
Author: -
Publisher: United Nations University Press
Published Year: 1990
Table of ContentsMain Text (PDF version)

Index


accounting systems, 5,12,109-10,193-97
agency agreements, 15,41,54,59,61,62,63,83,86,108-9,183
agents, local, 11,172
Anderson, Clayton and Co., Inc., 19-20,21
Anzai Masao, 142
arms, trade in, 20,51-53,61
Asano Bussan, 43,70,72,99,137,175
Ataka Shokai, 98,105,106,108,109,175,176,179
Atkins Kroll & Co., 19
Australia, 15-16

Bank of Japan, 59,131
Bank of Taiwan, 72,102
bankruptcies, 28,43,72,76,101-2,112
banks, role of, 9,45,122,124,131
Barry, Macneill, and Kilburn, 18
barter trade, 129,179
Binnys, 18
Boeki Eidan (Government Trade Corporation), 107-8,109,121
Boeki Tosei Kai (Foreign Trade Control Board), 107,108
Borneo Co., 18
British India Steam Navigation Company, 18
Bryce & Co., 20

cartels, 77,86-87,104,106
chemical industries, 40,104,115,119-21,130,143-44,188
China, 19,33,35,50,63,66,67-69,77,89,97,99,100-101,172,173,189
Clayton, William Lockhart, 19
coal, trade in, 49-50,53-56,75,77,94,171
commercial education, 26-27
commercial rights, 93,197
commissions, 16,24,29,166,193,197
communications, 200-201,202
consumers' associations, 75
cotton and cotton products, trade in, 19,29-30,51,58-60,62-63,64,72,76,84-85,90,94,96,97,101,102-3,104,105,108,110,172,173,180

Daido Boeki, 102,109
Daiichi Bank, 44,123,124,136
Daiichi Bussan, 127,136,137
Daito Bussan, 43
deficit compensatory linkage exports, 123
Development Bank of Japan, 132
development projects, 192,202
direct trade, 25-26,94,172-73
distribution, 11,28-29,75,76,91,152,167-69
diversification, 9,11,12,17,19,21,24,31,96-98,106,121-22,201
Dodwell & Co.,19
domestic trade, 23,34,76,83,84,89,147,153
Doshin Kaisha, 98
dumping, 63
Elizalde Iron and Steel Corp., 161
entrepreneurship, 11
Europe, Japanese general trading companies in, 35
Exim Bank of Japan, 132
exports, 33-34,62-63,90,105,112-15,
123,153; promotion of, 75-76,104,107,124,178

Fair Trade Commission, 167-68
family businesses, 2,11,25
financing, 14,41,54,59-60,72,82,91,150,152,166,199,202
Fisher, Edwin and Co., 23
foodstuffs, 20,87-89,119,161,162-63
foreign exchange, controls on, 107,108,112,129,178,180
foreign trade: development of Japanese, 2,3,5,10,22,93-94,171-72; government involvement in, 3,23,75-76,107-9,130; liberalization of, 129-30,180; role of in Japanese economy, 3,10,31,92-93
foreign traders, 3,16-18,22,40,93,171
Fuji Bank, 44,118,122,123,136
Fuji Seitetsu, 124,149
Furukawa Shoji, 2,28,43,69,72,77,86,99,101,175
Fuyo (Fuji) group, 132

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 129,130
general trading companies: bibliography on, 3-7; characteristics of, 34-35,41,92,111,126-27,144-47,152-53,170,185,187; definition of, 1; financing activities of, 14,41,54,150,166,199; overseas operations of, 170-73,183-85; trading activities of, 12,33-34,41-44,46,163-69,201. See also individual companies
Gibbs, Antony and Co., 13-16
Gibbs, H. H.,13
Gilman (Holdings) Ltd., 18-19
Gosho, 100,103,105,123,185
government, foreign trade policies of, 3,22,23,49-50,75-76,90,94,107,128,148
Grace, W. R. & Co., 20-21
grains, 48-49,88,89,163
Gray, Dawes & Co., 18
Gray Mackenzie & Co., 18
Great East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere 107
Great Kanto Earthquake, 72,101
Gunze Seishi, 82,83
Guthrie Corporation, 16,17,21

Haber, D., 5
Hakuyo Boeki, 124
Hara Gomei, 98,103
Harborn Ltd., 19
Harrison & Crosfield Co., 16-17
"headquarters" system, 197
heavy industries, 104,115,119-21,130,188
Hitachi Seisakusho, 123,131
Hokuyo Shokai, 103
holding companies, 17,44-45
human resources, 12,22,24,30-31,90

Important Export Goods Industries Union Act (1925), 75
imports, 63-64,94,104,115,147
import substitution, 188
Inchcape Ltd., 17-19,21,22
India, 18,58-59
Industrial Bank of Japan, 132
industrialization, 8,10,31,51,54,180
information, importance of for foreign trade, 2,40,187,192
Inoue Kaoru, 23,47
Inoue Tomizo, 27
insurance business, 3,14,19-20,42-43
investment, 5,69,82,91,115,137,160,175-76,182-85,189
iron and steel industry, 105-6,108,112,115,119-21,130,148-53
Irwin, R. W., 23,26,172
Itoh, C., 4,9, 15,27-28,97,100-101,102-3,105,108-9,119,121,122-23,136,148,150,171,172,173,175,178,182,185,189,197,199,200
Itoh Chubei, 27,171,172
Itoman, 4,97,100,103
Iwai Shoten, 27,28,40,43,99-100,105,106,108,123,124-25,175,199. See also Nissho-Iwai
Jardine, Matheson Co.,16,17,22
Joint Freight Office for Raw Silk at Yokohama, 94,171
joint ventures, 150,180-82,185,189,201

Kamaishi Kozan, 86,87
Kanegafuchi Boseki (Kanebo), 58,59,60,62
Kanegafuchi Shoji, 122
Kaneko Naokichi, 30
Kanematsu, 35,109,172,185
Kanematsu Fusajiro, 171
Kanto Steel Sales Union, 87
Katakura Seishi, 82,83,103
Kawabe, N., 5
Kishimoto Shoten, 105,109
Kita Matazo, 27
Kohansei marketing system, 148
Kono Seishi, 82
Korean War, 117,118,121,122,123,126
Kuhara Shoji, 2,43,70,72,99,101,175
Kureha Boseki, 102

LD converters, 148
Little, J. H., group, 19
local markets, 74-76,88,173,183
Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan, 132
lumber, trade in, 16

Macdonald, Hamilton & Co., 18
machinery, trade in, 60-62,83-84,94,96,180
Mackey, J. L.,18
Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co., 17-18
Macneill & Co., 18
management, separation from ownership, 24,25
managerial resources, 2,3,5,10,11,24
managers, 2,22-23,24,25,26-28,29,30
Manchuria, 63-64,88,89,175,176
Mann, Egarton Ltd., 19
manufacturing industry, 3,10,31,32,67,72,73,83-84,91,98,99,105,166
Marubeni, 4,9,103,109,115,119,121,122,123,132,137,142,148,162,180,187,197,199
Masuda Takashi, 23,24,26,51,58
mergers, 9,117-19,122-23,148
metals, trade in, 15,85-87
Mie Boseki, 58,62,63
Miike Boseki (Miikebo), 58,62
Miike Mine, 47,49-50,51,53,90
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), 148,149
Mitsubishi Bank, 44,118
Mitsubishi Shoji, 4, 8, 9; financing activities of, 199; investment activities of, 40,136-37,175-76; overseas operations of, 5,40,150,175,176,186,187,188,192-93; relationship with Mitsubishi zaibatsu, 43-44,70,99,132,174;structural organization of,117,118-19,127,196-97,200-201; trading activities of, 33,72,103,105,106,188
Mitsui Bank, 24,42,44,49,54,55,59,64,66,90,118
Mitsui Bussan: capitalization of, 24,64,76; development of, 22-27,103,117,127; employment practices of, 25,26-27,28,90; financing activities of, 41-42,54,59-60,62,64-66,67-68,82,90,91,199; investment strategies of, 41-42,73-74,83-84,91,105,106,176; market strategies of, 59-60,74-76,77,86-87,108,148; overseas operations of, 24,33,34-35,40,57-58,62-84,89,97,99,104,150,172-73,175-76,186-89; relationship with the government, 22,47,48-51,89,90; relationship with Mitsui zaibatsu, 8,43,44,45,47,90,99,118-19; structural organization of, 24-25,109-10,193-96,197,200; trading activities of, 8,20,48-50,51-64,72,76-89,90,97,98,106,110,161,171,173,180,189
Mitsui Gomei, 45,49,90,109
Mitsui Kokusankata, 48,89
Mitsui Senpaku, 42,110
Mitsui zaibatsu, 43-44,46,66,90
Mogi Gomei, 72,101,103
Mogi Shokai, 85
Morikawa, H., 5
Morimura Gumi, 43
Morioka Kogyo,123
Munakata Shokai, 75
Muromachi Bussan,118
Naigai Men, 100,172
Nakagawa, K., 5
Nankai Kogyo, 122
nationalism, 21
Nichimen. See Nihon Menka
Nihon Boeki Kai (Japan Foreign Trade Council), 107,108,167
Nihon Denki, 84
Nihon Kensetsu Sangyo,125-26
Nihon Kiito, 103,104
Nihon Kozai Hanbai Kabushiki Kaisha (Japan Steel Products Sales Co.), 108
Nihon Kozai Hanbai Rengo Kai (Japan Federation of Steel Products Sales Companies), 108
Nihon Menka (Nichimen), 27,35,97,100,103,105,109,121,122,123,172,173-74,178,183,186
Nihon Menpu Yushutsu Kumiai (Japan Cotton Export Union), 62-63
Nihon Seifun, 41,88,103
Nihon Seitetsu,106
Nihon Sekiyu Kagaku, 136,137
Nihon Shogyo Kaisha, 29,102
Nihon Tekko Renmei (Japan Iron and Steel Federation), 151
Nihon Yusen Kaisha, 94
Nikka Sanshi, 82
Nishihara loan, 67
Nisshin Seifun (Nisshin Flour Milling), 162
Nissho (Nissho-Iwai), 9,33,44,102,108,109,117,123-24,125,128,136,201. See also Iwai Shoten
Nomin Kumiai (Federation of Farmers), 75
nuclear power industry, 44,130,132-36

Okada & Co., 23
Okura Gumi (Okura Shoji), 10,28,43,61,90,97,99,106,108,172,173
organizational structures, 16,110,193-201,202,203
Osaka Boseki, 58,60,62
Osaka Men, 172
overbuying/overselling, 57,59,85,109
ownership, 24,25

partnerships, 12-13
patents, trade in, 40,188
petrochemical industry, 130,136-44
petroleum industry, 115
pig-iron, trade .in, 86
plants, exports of, 150,160,179
Platt Brothers and Co., 58,60
power industry, 77,164-65

railways, 13,14,60-61
raw materials, procurement of, 149-50,162-63,180,182,191
rice, trade in, 23,48-49,88,89,171

Sanki Kogyo, 41,84,103
Sanrin Rentan Genryo, 75
Sanshi Sekitan, 75
Sansho Jidosha, 84
Santai Oil Mills, Ltd., 63,173
Sanwa Bank, 122,123,124
Senshu Kaisha, 23,24,47,171
Shanghai Cotton Cleaning and Working Co.,58
Shanghai Cotton Manufacturing Ltd., 97,173,189
Shin Nihon Seitetsu (New Japan Steel Corporation), 124,149,166
shipbuilding industry, 110,130
shipping, 15,17-18,42,50,94,142,192
Showa Denko, 137,142-43
Showa Yuka,137,142
Siemens incident, 61
silk, trade in, 23,56-58, 82-83,94,97-98,103,104,171,172
Smith Mackenzie & Co., 18
South America, 13,14,20-21,151
South-East Asia, 35,179,182
soya bean and Soya products, trade in, 28,63-64,88-89
speculation, 12,28,29-30,70-71,72,85
spinning industry, 59-60,62,96,102,105,108,172,173
steel products, trade in, 105-6,108,124,150
stockholdings, of general trading companies, 84
subsidiaries, 192-93
sugar, trade in, 64,87-88,89,169
Suhara Kakubei, 50
Sumikin Incident, 149
Sumitomo Bank, 44,125-26
Sumitomo Shoji, 44,117,125-26,127,
128,137,161,162,179-80,188,197
Sumitomo zaibatsu, 43,132
Suzuki Shoten, 4,12,28,29,30,33,43,67,70,71,72,85,87,88,99,101-2,103,105,106,175,192

Taihei Kumiai, 51-52,61
Taisho Kaijo Hoken (Taisho Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd), 42
Taiwan, 64,182
Taiwan Bank, 72,102
Taiyo Bussan, 122
Takada Shokai, 4,28,61,72,101
Takashimaya Iida,108,122,123,172-73
Tama Zosensho,110
Tamurakoma,103
technical assistance agreements, 142,187,188
technological advances, impact of, 2-3,180
technology transfer, 24,136,149
Teikoku Yosan, 82
textile industry, 51
textiles, trade in, 11,13,104,112,115,119,121,124. See also cotton; silk third-country trade, 33,69,76,84,86,88,91,119,147,173-74,175
Tokyo Boeki Shosha (Tokyo Trading Company), 23
Tokyo Commercial School, 26
Tokyo Higher Commercial School, 26
Tokyo Marine Insurance Company, 94
Toyo Babcock, 84
Toyo Menka (Tomen), 30,72,85,100,110,121,122,123
Toyo Muentan, 75
Toyo Reiyon, 42,103
trading companies: American, 19-22; British "colonial," 9,10,16-19,31; development of specialized into general, 1-2, 9-10,11-12; general, see general trading companies
transaction costs, 10
Tsugami Seisakusho, 84

United States of America, 10,35,58,83,172,175

Wanishi Seitetsu, 87
welding technology, 180
wheat, trade in, 16,88,89
wool, trade in, 15,16
World War I, 28,66,72,174

Yahata Seitetsusho, 61,86,87,100,106,124,149
Yamabe Takeo, 26,58
Yamaguchi Shoten,103
Yamamura, K., 5
Yamazawa, I., 5
Yasuda zaibatsu, 43
Yokohama Kiito Gomei, 98,103,172
Yokohama Specie Bank, 42,57,66,90,94
Yoshihara, Kunio, 4
Young, A. K., 5
Yuasa Chikudenchi Seizo (Yuasa Storage Battery Manufacturing Co. ), 84
Yushutsunyu Kumiai (Exporters and Importers Association), 75

zaibatsu, 8,43-45,54,72-73,99,104,106,174-75,203
Zenkoku Kozai Shogyo Kumiai (National Association of Steel Products Commerce), 108
Zenkoren (National Federation of Consumers Unions), 75