Transportation

	Technological Innovation and the Development of Transportation in Japan Title: Index Author: - Publisher: United Nations University Press Published Year: 1993

Index

Abukuma River, 4, 40, 43
airline transportation, 200-201, 246
Akihabara Station, 70, 112
Allied Occupation, transportation policies under, 196-99
alternating current, introduction to railroad operations, 234-36
Asano Kaisen. See Toyo Kisen automobile industry. See motor vehicles

barges, 71, 112, 120, 163, 259
bicycles, 62, 96, 152
braking systems, 145
bridges, 1, 7, 23, 27-28, 64, 100
buses, 98, 100, 119, 120-21, 149, 152, 182

canals, 12, 40, 43, 111, 113, 120, 163-64
capitalism, 45, 48, 51, 263
China, Japan in, 165, 170, 174
civil engineering, 54
Civilian Merchant Marine Committee (CMMC), 196, 214, 215
coal supplies, 176, 197, 219
corvee labour system, 2-3, 8-9
coupling systems, 144-45

Datto Motor Vehicle Manufacturing, 150
diesel engines, 110, 114-15, 141, 160-61, 203, 232-33
Dodge Line, 199, 202, 215, 216
door-to-door freight operations, 122

Edo River, 37
electric locomotives, 139-40
electric trains, 80, 93-95, 119, 203-4, 206, 230
electrification, of railroads, 93-95, 139, 198, 199, 203, 205, 233, 234-37
engineers, training of, 18, 20
environmental pollution, 227, 228, 246
express trains, 93, 145-46, 171, 174, 205, 225

ferries: car, 254; railroad, 147-49, 243
financing: of railroad construction. 11, 19, 76, 78, 115, 227; of road construction, 27-31, 40, 213, 227, 263
flag-of-convenience system, 187
Ford Motor Company, Japan, 98, 149, 177, 178
freight companies, 9-10, 24, 60-62, 100-102, 156-57, 178, 206-8, 246, 264
freight depots, 70, 120, 163
fuel supplies, 167, 172, 182, 197
Fuji River, 4, 40, 43
Fukuoka Ironworks, 92

Ganz steam cars, 92
gauge: adoption of narrow, 18, 55; arguments for standard, 55, 74, 76, 83-88, 124, 139, 174; for light railways, 75; for the Shinkansen, 173, 237
General Motors, Japan, 98, 149, 177, 178
Godo Unso (Consolidated Transporters), 156
Goto Shimpei, 73, 83, 84, 174
Great Kanto Earthquake, 98, 118

Hanshin Electric Railway, 94
Higaki Line, 5, 32
highways, of Edo period, 1,3,8,28
Hino Motor Company, 244
Home Ministry, 12, 27, 34, 40, 73, 95, 111, 121
horse-drawn transport, 21-24, 26, 62, 100, 152, 263

Imperial Railway Agency, 73
imports: of bicycles, 96; of horse-drawn vehicles, 26; of motor vehicles, 83, 98, 149; of railroad rolling-stock and parts, 79, 88-89, 95, 140, 141, 145; of ships, 102, 187
Industrial Development Fund Project, 10, 40, 42
industrialization, 10-11, 12-14, 15, 19, 24, 34-35, 51, 117-18, 161
Inoue Masaru, 14, 19-20, 47
International Tourism Bureau, 122
Ishikawajima Motor Vehicle Manufacturing, 149-50
Ishikawajima shipyard, 32, 36
Isuzu Motor Company, 244
Ito Hirobumi, 13, 16, 19
Iwasaki Yataro, 33, 34

Japan Airlines, 200-201
Japan Highway Corporation, 246, 252
Japan Mail Steamship Company, 34
Japan Railway Company, 13, 14, 46, 60, 70
Joetsu Line, 147

Kaiso Kaisha, 33-34
Kammon Tunnel, 148, 170, 173
Kampu Tunnel, 170, 174
Keihan Electric Railway, 94-95, 123
Keihin Electric Railway, 94
Kobu Railway, 94
Kokusai Tsuun, 156, 157, 178
Kokusai Unso, 156
Korean War, 199, 202, 215-19, 222, 223
Kudo system car, 92
Kyodo Tsuun, 14
Kyodo Un'yu Kaisha (Kyodo Transport Company), 13, 35
Kyushu Tetsudo (Kyushu Railway), 48, 51

land transport. See railroads, road transport
Lay, Horatio Nelson, 16, 17, 19
light railroads, 74-79
local governments: and public transportation, 80, 120; and road construction, 28-31, 64, 263
locomotives, domestic manufacture of, 20, 55, 79, 88, 115, 123-41, 175-76, 233
lorries, 121, 122, 149, 152, 162-63, 182, 201, 246

Manchuria, Japan in, 165, 167, 170, 174
manufacturing industry, 79, 114
Maritime Affairs Council, 157
Matsukata Masayoshi, 13
Meiji Unso, 62, 156
Merchant Marine Commission, 187, 196
merchant shipping: development of, 68-69; Occupation controls on, 196, 214-15
Minseito, 117
Mitsubishi Kaisha, 33, 262, 263
Mitsubishi Mail Steamship Company, 11, 13, 34-35
Mitsubishi Shipping Company. See Mitsubishi Mail Steamship Company
Mitsubishi Shipyard, 36, 160
Mobilization, Law for National, 165-66, 186, 187
Mogami River, 4
monorails, 241
Morell, Edmund, 17-18
Motor Vehicle Transportation Law, 121, 152, 208
motor vehicles, import of, 83, 98, 149;
production of, 98, 149-50, 177-78, 201, 227, 244; use of, 83, 98, 100, 114, 120-22, 149-52, 201
motorization, 149, 152, 208-9, 227, 244-46
motorways, 201, 226, 252-53
Nagoya Port, 69, 112-13
Naikoku Tsuun Kaisha, 5, 10, 11, 14, 37, 40-42, 62, 111, 156, 262, 263. See also Rikuun Moto Kaisha
Nakasendo highway, 1, 8, 16, 28
Nakasendo Yubin Basha Kaisha (Nakasendo Mail Horse Coach
Company), 22-23
Nankai Railway, 94
National Parks Law, 122
National Railways: debt burden of, 228, 264; establishment of, 57, 73; expansion of routes, 175, 225, 264; expansion of services, 146; introduction of new train systems, 203-4, 229-33; military use of, 171, 172-73, 202; postwar recovery of, 202-5; production of rolling-stock, 89, 95, 123-44, 175-76, 203-6; safety measures taken by, 242, 243; and tourism, 123. See also railroads
nationalization, of railroads, 48, 56-57, 73, 175
Nippon Tsuun (Nittsu), 14, 178, 182, 197, 206-8
Nippon Yusen Kaisha, 14, 35, 64-65, 263
Nissan Motor Company, 150, 177-78, 244
Nobiru Port, 12, 36, 40, 43

oil crisis, 254, 256-57
Okubo Toshimichi, 10, 11, 12, 34
Okuma Shigenobu, 12, 16, 35
Osaka Ironworks, 36
Osaka Shosen Kaisha (Osaka Merchant Shipping Company), 14, 35, 64, 65, 160, 263
Oshu Kaido highway, 1, 28

Pacific Mail Steamship Company, 11, 33, 34, 35
Parkes, Sir Harry S., 10-11, 16, 28
passenger coaches, 141-44
Peninsular and Oriental (P & 0) Steamship Company, 11, 35
ports: development of, 5, 12, 36, 40, 69, 112-13, 161, 219, 259-60; opening of, 5, 32, 33
post-stations, 1, 2-3, 8-9
power system, distributed, 229-30
Private Railway Ordinance, 14, 75, 78-79
protection: for motor vehicle production, 177, 178; for railroads, 10, 13; for shipping, 6, 11, 13, 33, 34-35, 111, 157-58, 186
Public Works, Ministry of, 12, 17, 40, 43, 47

railcars, 92-93, 140-41, 232
Railroad Construction Law, 14, 47, 48, 51, 56, 78, 115-17
Railroad Nationalization Law, 49, 57
Railroad Operations Bureau, 56, 73
railroads: competition with motor vehicles, 114, 115, 120-22, 222, 244; connections with shipping, 12, 43, 69-71, 112-13, 163-64; electrification of, 93-95, 139, 198, 199, 203, 233, 234-37; expansion of, 48-51, 115-17, 175, 223, 225; government policies for, 14-15, 45-49, 73, 74-79, 115-17, 166-67, 198, 223-25; introduction of, 14, 15-20, 46; nationalization of, 48, 56-57, 73, 175; during the Occupation, 197-99, 202-3; political element in construction of, 16, 48, 115, 117; private, 14, 47, 48, 51, 55-56, 123, 202, 232, 233; war damage to, 177, 197, 202.
See also National Railways
Railway Agency, 73-74, 78, 95, 100
Railway Bureau, 47, 56, 57, 73
Railway Ministry, 74, 121, 152, 166
reclamation works: for river transport, 4, 82
regulations: road construction, 98-99, 201, 213, 225-26, 252; shipping, 33, 36, 65-66, 69, 158, 186, 255-56; transport, 26, 100-102, 121, 150, 206-8
rickshaws, 24, 26, 62, 98, 114, 152, 263
Rikuun Moto Kaisha, 9-10, 24, 37. See also Naikoku Tsuun Kaisha
River Law, 82
river transport: cargo tonnage of, 37, 103-4, 111-12, 189-91, 216-18; cargo volume of, 104-6, 158; within cities, 112; competition with motor vehicles, 161-63; development of, 4-5, 36-43, 64-65; effects of World War II on,
191-94, 197, 214; excess tonnage in, 219-21, 255, 256-57; phasing out of, 82-83, 194; postwar recovery of, 216-18, 254-60; regulation of, 187, 215, 219, 255-56; relationship with railroads, 43, 69-71, 163-64
Road Law (Doroho), 83, 98, 99, 201, 209, 213
road transport: competition with railroads, 60, 120-22, 152; early methods of, 1-3, 7, 8-10; postwar reforms of, 206-8, 213; supervision and control of, 3, 100-102, 121, 150, 206-8
roads: conditions of, 23-24, 27, 28, 152, 226; construction of, 12, 27-31, 209-13, 246-53; improvement of, 27-31, 201, 209, 225, 226; laws concerning construction of, 201, 213, 225-26, 252; links with railroads, 60-61; military function of, 1, 3, 8
rolling-stock, manufacture of, 79, 88-89, 92, 123-46, 175-76, 229-33
Russo-Japanese War, 56, 68, 102

safety: railroad, 224, 242-43; shipping, 33, 36
Saigo Takamori, 10, 17
sankin kotai system, 4, 5
San'yo Tetsudo (San'yo Railway), 48, 56, 147
Sapporo underground railway, 239
Satsuma Rebellion, 12, 35, 46
Seiyukai, 74, 84, 115, 117, 124
Serpollet steam cars, 92
Seto Automatic Railway, 92
Shimbashi Station, 18
Shinkansen lines, 170, 171, 173-74, 223-24, 237-38
Ship Construction Adjustment, Provisional Law for, 219
shipbuilding industry, 6, 11, 32, 36, 65, 79, 104, 110-11, 157-58, 159-61, 192, 200
shipping, coastal: 5-6, 14, 32-36, 64-71, 72, 157-61, 176; foreign ships operating in, 5-6, 11, 33, 158; government support of, 6, 11, 13, 34-36, 157-58
Shipping Control Commission, 187
shipping, inland. See river transport
shipping, international, 11, 32, 64-65, 66, 69, 200, 215
Shonan trains, 203, 206
Sino-Japanese War, 65, 66, 172
South-East Asia, Japan in, 167, 170, 174-75
South Manchurian Railway, 73, 174
standardization, of rolling-stock, 88, 89, 123, 138
steam cars, 92
steamships, 110, 114
steel, transport of, 257-58
subsidies: for motor-vehicle production, 149; for railroads, 75, 76-79; for shipbuilding, 65, 110, 157-58, 200
Sumidagawa Station, 70-71, 112

taxation, to fund road construction, 28-31
taxis, 152, 186, 246
technology, railroad, 54-55, 88-95, 144-45, 203-4, 224, 229-33, 234-37; 239-43; shipbuilding, 36, 106-11, 160
Teito Rapid Transit Authority, 168-69
Tenryu River, 4, 194
Tobu Railway, 123
Tokaido highway, 1, 8, 28
Tokaido Line, 93, 147, 171
Tokyo Gas and Electric Manufacturing, 150
Tokyo Metropolitan Transit Agency, 239
Tokyo, road construction in, 31
toll-roads, 226, 246-52, 253
Tone Canal, 70, 161, 162, 194
Tone River, 37, 40, 42, 111-12, 161-62, 194
tourism, 122-23
Toyo Kisen, 14, 36, 68, 263
Toyota Motor Manufacturing, 150, 177-78, 244
traffic accidents, 201, 246
traffic regulations; 26, 98-99
train control systems, 224, 230, 237, 242
trains, 80, 82, 93-94, 119-20, 241-42
transportation policies, 6, 8-12, 33, 37, 45-49, 157-58, 165-71, 175-78, 186-87, 222-29, 262, 263
Tsukumo Shokai, 33, 34
tunnels, 54, 147, 173, 174
underground railways, 120, 239
urban transit systems, 24-26, 79-82, 114, 118-20, 239, 241-42
urbanization, 117-18

World War I, 79, 95, 103-4
World War II, 177, 189-94, 196, 197, 201-2, 214

Yamanote Line, 14, 95, 169
Yokohama Port, 36, 69, 106, 111, 113

zaibatsu, dissolution of, 199-200