総論

	The Japanese Experience in Technology: From Transfer to Self-Reliance 論文タイトル：　Index 著者名： - 出版社： United Nations University Press 出版年： 1990

Index

acid rain, 230, 231
agricultural co-operatives, 92, 187
agricultural credit, 186-87
agricultural experiment stations, 91-92, 249
agricultural households, 217, 223
agricultural schools, 85, 92
agricultural technology, 85-92, 247, 249
agriculture, 24, 48, 68, 82-89, 149-50, 205, 208
Allied Occupation, 7-10
alternative technologies, 37, 48, 234, 244
Anderson Clay Company, 196
apprentice schools, 159, 166
Arisawa Hiromi, 171, 218, 224-25
artisans, 73, 76
Asano zaibatsu, 193
Ashio Copper Mine, 113-17, 118
atomic energy, 16, 210
automation, 19, 34, 45-46
automobile industry, 16, 19-21

Baden-Powell, Robert, 202
ball-bearing production, 151
Bank of England, 184
Bank of Japan, 181, 185, 186
banking, 178, 181, 182-88, 194
banto system, 175, 176
Belgian National Bank, 185
Bianche, L., 94, 95, 96,97
bicycle industry, 151-52
Brunner, Paul, 134
bureaucracy, 75-76, 158, 168-70, 201
bushido, 173
button industry, 149-52

Calcutta, 75
Carson, Rachel, 84, 229
cement industry, 9-10
chemical industry, 7, 9, 16, 190
child labour, 219
China, 101, 200, 211
Choshu clan, 202-3
cities, 69-70
coal-mining, 9, 10-11, 107
colonization, 66, 120, 199
copper, 68, 107,114-16
cotton-spinning industry, 132, 136-42, 189, 214

Daelen, R. M., 98
Daito Bussan, 193
Dan Takuma, 171, 177
design, capacity for, 118,126
development: stages of, 70, 242; and technology, 37-39; theories of, 36, 65-66, 153
development assistance, 37
direct foreign investment, 181-82
division of labour, 139, 142, 147-48, 149-50, 152-53
Dodge Line policy, 11, 12
Douglas, P. H., 218, 224-25
Doyukai. See Japan Committee for Economic Development dualism, 40, 41-42, 160, 173-74, 250

economic growth, 3-5, 15
economic policies, 200-203
economy, bureaucratic control of the, 168, 169-70
education, 19, 22, 102, 154-58, 162-64, 165-66, 220
Education Order (1879), 155
electric locomotives, 127
electrification, 89-90, 115
electronics industry, 16, 17, 21
elementary schools, 159
employment: full, 21; indirect, 174; whole family (zembu koyo *), 49, 143, 219
employment structure, 21
energy supply, 107, 152, 251
engineering schools, 128
engineers, 53-56, 96, 98-99, 128-29, 156, 163-64,166,167,212, 244, 247, 248
entrepreneurs, 147-48
environmental conservation, 230-31
Esaki diode, 17
exchange companies, 182-83
exchange rate, 10
experimental stations, 91-92, 249

factory management, 59-60, 135-36, 249-50
factory training centres, 166
family structure, 217, 222
farming population, 88, 90, 91
Federation of Economic Organiza-tion (Keidanren), 171, 172
female labour, 217-28
feudal clans, 201-3

fishery, 92
foreign students, 157-58
foreign technical experts, 44, 53, 95, 98, 101, 117, 126, 128-29, 134, 241
foreign trade, 192-94, 197-98
forestry, 84-85
Freedom and People's Rights Move-ment, 155, 158
Fuji Electric Manufacturing, 118
Fujitsu, 108
Fukui domain, 201
Fukuoka agricultural method, 87
Furukawa Electric Company, 118
Furukawa Ichibei, 114,115
Furukawa Mining Co., 108
Furukawa Shoji, 193

Gasley Co., 196
Genkai, 165
Germany, 98, 157
Gibbs Company, 196
glass industry, 151
gold, 106, 206
gold exchange standard, 181, 182
government, role of: in develop-ment, 40, 132-34,136, 168-70, 214-15, 240-44; in education, 162-63, 215
groupism, 173
Gunze, 67

Haguenin, Ulrich, 94
Hamao Arata, 162
Han Ye Bing, 101
Harada Masazumi, 232, 235
Hattori Susumu, 98
Hayashi Fumiko, 228
Hayashi Shihei, 211
Hiroshige Toru, 212
Hitachi Limited, 118
Hitachi Mining Co., 108
Hizen clan, 202
Hokkaido, 90, 91
Hokkaido Takushoku Bank, 186, 188
Home Affairs Ministry, 158, 160
Honda Kotaro, 17, 101
Hoshino Yoshiro, 13, 57, 99
Hosoi Wakizo, 138-39, 144, 226
human rights, 245-46

Ikeda Hayato, 171
Ikeda Nagayoshi, 226
Imaizumi Kaichiro, 98
imitation, as element of technology transfer, 127-28
Imperial Rescript on Education, 158, 160
India, 136-37, 182
Industrial Bank of Japan, 187
industrial policy, 15-16, 40-41, 67-68, 71, 79, 103-4, 107, 241
industrial pollution, 4, 22-24, 117, 144, 229-35
industrialization, 22, 40, 41-42, 48, 49, 70, 75, 80, 107, 152, 199
industry, classifications of, 148
Industry Club of Japan, 171
industry-university co-operation, 56 inflation, 8, 9, 11, 32
information, role of in technological development, 14, 53, 58, 169, 243
Inoue Kaoru, 205
Inoue Kowashi, 164
Inoue Masaru, 120, 126
Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 215
integrated circuits, 17,18, 147
intermediate technology, 37, 48
international co-operation, 32, 67, 157
investment, 71, 180-81
iron and steel industry, 7, 9, 12-14, 16, 33, 34-35, 93-100, 103-5, 181
irrigation, 86, 87-88, 89, 91
Ishihara Koichiro, 101
Ishikawa Prefectural Industrial Museum, 79
Ishimure Michiko, 229
Ito Hirobumi, 183-84
Itoh, C., 192

Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Nissho), 171
Japan Committee for Economic Development (Doyukai), 171
Japan Federation of Employers' Associations (Nikkeiren), 171,172
Japan Steel Corporation, 35
Japan Trade Association, 195
Japanese Mining Law, 107
Japanese National Railway, 124, 125-26, 127-29
"just-in-time" delivery system, 59

Kagawa Prefecture, 151
Kamaishi Ironworks, 60-61, 84-97, 99,213
Kanazawa, 78-81
Kanazawa Technical College, 79
Kanban method, 59
Kaneko Naokichi, 189-90
Kanematsu-Gosho, 192
Kangyo Bank of Tokyo, 186
Kawasaki Steel Corporation, 13
Keidanren. See Federation of Eco-nomic Organizations
Kimura Kusuyata, 171
Kita Ikki, 178
Kobe Steel, 59
Kogakuryo, 128
Konoike family, 176
Korea, Republic of, 6, 67, 96
Korean War, 11-12, 13, 14, 15
Kuhara Shoji, 193

labour force, 44-46, 101-3, 159. See also skilled labour
labour productivity, in agriculture, 83, 86-87
labour unions, 10, 42, 112
land reforms, 8-9, 89, 204
large-scale industries, 146-47
late comer, advantages of the, 14, 33
LD process, 12, 13, 33
lifetime employment, 173
light industries, 190, 241
Lockheed scandal, 195
locomotives, 119, 123, 126-27
LSI technology, 18-19
Luhrman,W.F.,97

machine manufacturing industries, 122-23
Maeda Masana, 201, 205
maintenance, training in, 57-58
management: importance of effec-tive, 5, 249-50; Japanese-style, 168, 172-77; of technology, 59-61, 240-51
managers, 175-78
marine transport, 122
markets, 24, 32
Marubeni, 192
mass production, 12, 19, 21,150
Matsuhiro silk plant, 135
Matsukata Masayoshi, 185-86, 200, 201, 205, 206-8
mechanization, of agriculture, 90-91
medical diagnosis, of pollution-related diseases, 23, 23 1-33
medium-scale industries, 146-52
Meiji Restoration, 44, 47, 48, 49, 66, 70, 71, 79, 103-4, 120, 201
meritocracy, 75-76
micro-electronics technology (ME), 18-19
middle class, formation of the, 76-77
Miike Mine, 117-18
militarism, 89, 160
military, involvement of: in educa-tion, 156; in railways, 124-25
military industry, 67-68, 93-94, 97, 103-4, 181
Minamata disease, 23-24, 229, 230-31, 232, 233, 234, 235
mining industry, 9, 10, 41, 68, 106-18, 233
Misonoi Hitoshi, 195
Mitsubishi Corporation, 122, 169, 171, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195
Mitsubishi zaibasu, 107
Mitsui & Co., 171, 176, 189, 190, 192, 193, 198

Mitsui Bank, 183
Mitsui zaibatsu, 107
Miyajima Seijiro, 171
Miyata Eisuke, 152
modernization, 199-200, 224
monopolies, 61
Morell, Edmund, 128
Mon Arinori, 160-61
Morimura zaibatsu, 193
Motoda Nagazane, 158

Nagai Men Kaisha, 198
Nakagawa Kiyoshi, 193
Nakaoka Tetsuro, 212-13
Nakayama Ichiro, 171
Nakayama Shigeru, 212
Namie Ken, 92
national banks, 183-85
nationalism, 40-41, 157, 210-11
natural resources, 5-6, 7
Nichimen Jitsugyo, 192
Niijima Yuzuru, 162
Nikkeiren. See Japan Federation of Employers' Associations
Nippon Denki Co., 181
Nippon Electric Corporation, 118
Nisshin Spinning Co., 171
Nissho. See Japan Chamber of Com-merce and Industry
Nissho-Iwai, 192-93
norenwake, 148
Norfolk agricultural system, 85-86
normal schools, 160-61
Noro Kageyoshi, 96, 98
numerically controlled machine tools, 19

occupational diseases, 144, 235
ODA. See development assistance odd-job labour stratum, 74-75
oil crises, 4
Okita Saburo, 171
Okuma Shigenobu, 201, 204, 206
Okumura Shoji, 152
Okura zaibatsu, 193
Opium War, 103, 200
Osaka, 71, 202
Osaka Spinning Co., 139
Oshima Takato, 94-95, 96
Otsuki Fumihiko, 165

Parkes, H. C., 120
Peccei, Aureijo, 235
petrochemical industry, 16
Platt Brothers, 189
ploughing technology, 86
political parties, 169-70
pollution, 4, 22-24, 117, 144, 229-35
population growth, 3, 71, 75, 82
Portman, L. C., 119
postal savings system, 187-88
Potter, William F., 128
poverty, 72, 73-74
power supply, 6-7
priority production system, 9
private railway companies, 125
private schools, 162
processing-fee system, 148
production indexes, mining and manufacturing, 5, 6
production process, division of, 138-42, 147-48, 149-50, 152-53
pump technology: in agriculture, 89; in mining, 108-9, 117-18

railways, 6, 108, 116, 119-26, 181, 241
raw materials, import of, 5, 24,100-101
reparations, 7,11
research and development, 17, 21, 53, 209
rice cultivation, 83-84, 91
Rikagaku Kenkyusho (Riken), 179
road systems, 121. See also transportation
robot technology, 19

Saga domain, 43, 93
Saito Kozo, 134
Saito Osamu, 207

Sano Tsunetami, 162
Satsuma clan, 202-3, 204
savings banks, 186
science and technology: difference between, 17, 52; information net-works for, 209; policies, 209-16, 243-44
Science and Technology Council, 215-16
Science and Technology, Ministry of, 241
Science Council of Japan, 210, 216
scientists, 55-56, 97, 212, 244, 248. See also engineers
semiconductor technology, 18
seniority wage system, 173, 174
Seto Ceramics School, 159
Shand, Allan, 184
Shibusawa Eiichi, 132, 201
Shimomura Haruo, 171
Shinkansen, 120, 125
Shintoism, 158, 163
shipbuilding industry, 11, 16, 122
shipping, 11, 122
shukuro ("veteran") system, 102
silk reeling, 132-36
silver, 106, 206
skilled labour, 44, 76, 101-3, 111-12, 138-42, 221, 227. See also labour force
small-scale industries, 146-53
social change, 22, 47-48, 49, 88-89, 218-19, 222-24
Southwestern Rebellion, 20, 125, 206
special procurements, 11-12,15
spinning industry, 132-34, 136-37, 152, 225-28, 241. See also textile industry
standard of living, 6
Standard Petroleum, 181
standardization, 37, 97, 104, 125, 243
steel industry. See iron and steel industry
study abroad, 134, 157, 160, 202
subcontracting, 42, 76, 91, 109, 110, 112, 153
subsidies, 9, 10, 122
Sumitomo Corporation, 192, 193
Sumitomo Denko, 118
Sumitomo Shindo, 118
Sumitomo zaibatsu, 107, 193
Suzuki Shoten, 189, 190
Suzuki zaibatsu, 193

Takizawa Naoshichi, 182
Tanaka Chobei, 95-96
Tanakadate Aikitsu, 211, 212
Tata Company, 198
taxes, 204, 206-7
teachers, status of, 159-60,161-62, 164
technical continuation schools, 159, 166
technical manuals, 243
technological development: condi-tions for, 32, 34, 44, 46-47, 51, 66-68, 93-94, 111, 241-42, 246; national consensus for, 14, 51, 104, 244-45; processes of, 44; so-cial aspects of, 49,103, 143-45, 209-12, 233-35; stages of, 56-58, 60-61, 99
technological gaps, 43, 241-42
technological innovation, 4, 32, 146, 174
technology: and development, 5, 36-39; appropriateness of, 16-17, 34, 37-38, 50, 60, 61, 95, 242-43; components of, 52-53; culture of, 54-55; defined, 51-53; diffusion of, 135, 149, 214-15; export of, 16, 17, 54; import of, 16, 54, 60; management of, 59-61, 249-51; national network for, 48, 246-48; self-reliance in, 56-57, 107, 215; transfer of, 10, 12-13, 15-16, 32-35; transformation of, 152-53, 241
Tejima Seiichi, 164-65
terminology, 249

textbooks, foreign language, 165
textile industry, 7, 16, 130-45, 148, 207, 213-14. See also spinning in-dustry
Tohata Seiichi, 143, 171
Tokugawa shogunate, 40, 84, 103, 121
Tokyo, 71-76
Tokyo Chamber of Commerce, 171
Tokyo Imperial University, 163, 166-67
Tokyo University of Commerce, 166
Tokyo University of Fisheries, 156
Tokyo Worker Training School, 162, 163-64
Tomioka Diary, 135, 226, 228
Tomioka Spinning Mill, 143, 152, 225
Tosa clan, 202
town associations, 77-78
Toyo Menka, 192
Toyoda Sakichi, 139, 213
trading companies, 137-38, 145, 183, 189-98
traditional industry, 148-49, 159, 207-8
traditional technology, 78-81, 106, 123, 131, 135, 153, 247
training, on-site, 159, 166-167
transistors, 17
transportation, 87, 95-96, 109-10, 116, 119-27
Tsuru Shigeto, 171

Ui Jun, 235
Umene Tsunesaburo, 100
unemployment, female, 225
United Kingdom, 3
United States of America, 3, 172
University of Tokyo, 160, 162, 163
urbanization, 69-78, 80, 83

vocational education, 156, 159, 164-65
vocational schools, 79, 85
Wada Ei, 135, 225-26
wage differentials, 221-22
watch industry, 142,151
water engineering, 72, 85, 86, 87-88, 108-9, 247
Western Electric, 181
women: household role of, 217-20, 224-25; in the labour force, 49, 131, 132, 135, 142-44, 217-28
worker organizations, 111-13

Yamabe Kentaro, 134
Yamamura Kozo, 194
Yamao Yozo, 162
Yanagita Kunio, 217, 225
Yasuoka Shigeaki, 174-75

Yawata Ironworks, 11, 13, 97-103
Yawata Steel, 16
Yokohama Specie Bank, 187, 197
Yokohama Technical College, 167
Yokoi Shonan, 201
Yokoi Tokiyoshi, 85
Yokoyama Gennosuke, 74, 139, 181, 218
Yonekawa Shin'ichi, 196
Yoshida Shigeru, 171

zaibatsu, 10, 49, 107, 170-72, 176-79, 193, 194
zaikai, 170-71
zembu koyo (whole family employ-ment), 49, 143, 219